2024-03-28T12:51:17+04:30 http://rsj.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
5-33 2024-03-28 10.1002
Rahavard Salamat Journal RSJ 2588-3089 0 2016 2 3 Diversity of genes coding of antibiotic resistance in municipal wastewaters Aali@hlth.mui.ac.ir Background and objective: Wastewater treatment plants are important hotspots for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes to the environment.  The aim of this study identification of relevant antibiotic resistance genes in raw and final effluent of municipal wastewater treatment and also determination of effects of different wastewater treatment process on removal/reduction of these pollutants. Materials and Method: Samples were taken on basis standard condition and transferred with temperature preserved. Six genes that coding resistance to six current antibiotics were selected.  PCR examination was used for identification (presence/absence) of antibiotic resistance genes. Results: The overall, identified Antibiotic resistance genes in raw and final effluents are 85.1 and 59.4 percent, respectively. Comparision of results shows antibiotic resistance genes              in  domestic raw wastewater are sul1 (100%)  and ctx-m-32(55.5%) the highest and lowest and in final effluent sul1(88.89%) and aac3-I(33.35) the highest and lowest, respectively. Conclusion: This study was shown efficiency of activated sludge process is better than stabilization ponds. And also diversity of these agents in wastewater treatment is high and wastewater treatment effects is very different. Antibiotic resistance genes wastewater treatment process PCR 2016 12 01 1 14 http://rsj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf
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Rahavard Salamat Journal RSJ 2588-3089 0 2016 2 3 The relationship between individual strength with job stress and fatigue in nurses of lorestan province peymaneh habibi p_habibi@hlth.mui.ac.ir Mohsen Soury Laky m_soury@hlth.mui.ac.ir ehsan habibi habibi@hlth.mui.ac.ir raziyeh janizadeh janizadehraziyeh@yahoo.com Introduction: Nurses are working with groups such as job stress and fatigue of their common problems and in long year may reduce individual strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between The relationship between individual strength with job stress in nurses of lorestan city. Methodology: This descriptive - cross sectional study was carried out in 1394 on 100 nurses in Lorestan. The Checklist for Individual Strength(CIS) is an instrument for measuring fatigue and job stress questionnaire was used. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression analysis and t- Independent and Software SPSS20 was examined. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is an inverse relationship between job stress score and total score of Checklist for Individual Strength(CIS)(r= - 0.435, p<0.001). Also, there are direct effect between job stress score with fatigue sensation (r=0.3, p<0.003), but an inverse relationship between the nurses' job stress and the motivation of areas(r= - 0.385, p<0.001), Concentration(r= - 0.377, p<0.001) and physical activity(r= - 0.202, p<0.04). There are inverse relationship between work experience and fatigue sensation(r= - 0.24, p<0.02) and direct relationship with concentration score(r= 0.202, p<0.04). Conclusion: The results show that job stress can indirectly effective on individuals strength in a population of nurses, also decreases the individual strength can be considered as a prognosis of job stress. Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) Job Stress Nurses. 2016 12 01 15 26 http://rsj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf
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Rahavard Salamat Journal RSJ 2588-3089 0 2016 2 3 Snack consumption status and obesity in secondary school male students Mahnaz Solhi solhi.m@iums.ac.ir Shima Jazayeri sh_jaz@yahoo.com Fatemeh Amiri fatemehamiri84@yahoo.com Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the status of snack food consumption and obesity in secondary school male students in district 6 of Tehran Education in 2008-2009. Methods: This analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 460 secondary school male students. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire which was consisted of questions about the frequency, type and amount of snack consumption and measure the height and weight of students. Energy intake from snacks consumed was calculated by Food Processor software and snacks weight was calculated by using the book home criteria. CDC curves were used to calculate obesity. The data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS (version 16) and descriptive and analytical methods. Results: 17.9% of the students had consumed unhealthy snacks and 60.8% had consumed healthy and unhealthy snacks. 17.8% of the students were overweight and 15.4% were obese.  There were significant correlations between the frequency of snack consumption and age of the student (r =.16, p=.002), energy intake from snacks and household income (r =.12, p=.004), obesity and the age of the student (p=.002), and between obesity and total number of the children in family (p=0.02) Conclusion: The percent of unhealthy snake consumption, over weight and obesity are undesirables in under studied students and the promotion interventions in the field is essential. Snack obesity CDC curves male students 2016 12 01 27 37 http://rsj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf
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Rahavard Salamat Journal RSJ 2588-3089 0 2016 2 3 Study the number of cases cardiovascular mortality Attributed to CO in Tehran in during a five-year Majid kermani Majidkermani@ yahoo.com MOHSEN dowlati mohsendowlati.69@gmail.com AHMAD JONIDI JAFARI AHMAD_JONIDI@YAHOO.COM ROSHANAK REZAEI REZAAEI.I@IUMS.AC.IR Background & Objectives:  Air pollution in is one of the main difficulties in Megacities that have harmful effects on humans and the environment and cause various diseases including cardiovascular disease. So, present study with aim of Study the number of cases cardiovascular mortality Attributed to CO in Tehran in during a five-years were performed.       Methods: This Study was a descriptive–analytic. At first, hourly data of pollutants were taken from the environmental protection agency Tehran and Air Quality Control Company and validated according to the WHO guidelines. Required statistical parameters calculated for health effect quantifying and finally processed data converted to input and requirements AirQ model data and health effects quantifying were performed using this model. Finally, results on deaths due to cardiovascular disease were presented in tables and graphs format.      Results: Results showed annual average concentration of CO in Tehran in 2005-2010 are 5, 4, 4, 3 and 4 mg/m3 respectively. In addition, the number of cardiovascular mortality in 2005-2010 is 82, 73, 67, 58 and 57 respectively      Conclusion: According to the results, CO as well as other pollutants can adversely affect human health. Due to high levels of air pollution and its related health consequences, particularly cardiovascular disease, should take appropriate measures to reduce air pollution. Keywords: Air Pollution environment CO pollutant human Health AirQ model 2016 12 01 38 47 http://rsj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf
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Rahavard Salamat Journal RSJ 2588-3089 0 2016 2 3 Survey of smoking pattern according to stage of change model in smokers of Ilam city in 2014. morteza mansourian mansourian55@gmail.com Background and objective: Smoking is one of the factors for increase the total burden of disease that annually causes 4 million deaths in the world. The aim of this study was survey of smoking pattern according to stage of change model in smokers of Ilam city in 2014. Method: This was a descriptive study on 400 smokers in the city of Ilam Purposive sampling was performed. The survey instrument was a questionnaire included: demographic questionnaire, change process Dyklmnth and inventory change processes. After getting the consent of the participants the questionnaire distributed between participants. After data collection the data entered to the SPSS software and analysis by using descriptive and analytical test. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.77± 14.57 years. The mean age of starting smoking was 23±2.21 years and the minimum age for starting smoking was 10 years old. With respect to the change more than half 52.8% of the participants were at the stage of preparation. The data also indicate that the use of cognitive processes in stages of  preparation, action and maintenance are more than pre-contemplation and contemplation. Also behavioral processes in the action and maintenance stages was higher than other stages. Conclusion: Given that more than half of the participants were in stage of preparation to change and begin the process of quitting smoking. It seems that performing interventional program for these participants can help them to quit smoking. Keywords: smoking, stage of change, smokers smoking change the pattern smokers 2016 12 01 48 58 http://rsj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf
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Rahavard Salamat Journal RSJ 2588-3089 0 2016 2 3 Social health status of youth in Naqadeh and the effective factors on it Mahnaz Solhi solhi.m@iums.ac.ir Mansour Amini Naghadeh m_amini201111@yahoo.com Seyyed Fahim Irandoost Irandoost.F@tak.iums.ac.ir   Background: social health refers to the individual evaluation and cognition of his/her performance in society and the quality of his/her relationships with other people, relatives, and social groups as a member of them. When a person is eligible for the social health, he/she can do its activities and social roles at the standard level and feel conjunction with the society and social norms. The aim of this study is determining the social health status of 18-29 years youth of Naqadeh city and the effective factors on it. Methods: in this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study that was conducted in 2014, 400 people participated which were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tools include demographic specifications form, Keynesian social health standard questionnaire, and quality of life (WHOQOL_BREF), and communication skills. Data were analyzed by SPSS (20) software and by descriptive and analytic statistical tests. Results: the social health average score was 97/1 among the studied youth and it was moderate. There were observed the statistical significant correlation between social health and communication relations (p=0.001), leisure time (p=0.001), and quality of life (p=0.001) variables. Besides, social health had significant correlation with age (p=0.001) and education (p=0.02) variables. Conclusion: the social health is not desirable among the studied youth and designing and performing the promotion interventions are offered with an emphasis on age, education, communication skills level, the way of spending leisure time, and their quality of life. social health quality of life communication skills leisure time youth 2016 12 01 59 68 http://rsj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf